Not surprisingly, new discoveries relating to nanomaterials are being reported with increasing frequency. This versatility offers promising avenues to create designer nanomaterials to meet wide-ranging de- mands, from drug delivery to environmental decontamination. For example, ordinary carbon and silicon materials at nanoscale exhibit extraordinary strength, chemical reactivity, and electrical conductivity that the macro forms of the material do not possess (Aitken et al. These unique properties can be tailored to meet very specific requirements.
At nanoscale, materials possess distinct physical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties compared to their counterparts at larger-scales (Moses 2011). Nanomaterials scaled anywhere between 1 and 100 nm ( 1 nm 1⁄4 10 − 9 m) offer exciting opportunities to manipu- late material properties and harness their potential for a variety of applications that would otherwise be impossible with their macro counterparts (USEPA 2009 Shan et al. harnesses the key physical and chemical properties of material at a scale where the material exhibits significantly different properties.
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